The Concept and Practice of Depreciation

The concept and practice of depreciation plays an integral part in a company†s cash flow situation and funding. The two main reasons this occurs are that firstly depreciation is a for of self finance, and secondly because a company does not have to pay taxes on depreciation, hence excluding taxation from a cash amount which enlarges the cash flow of a company. As a term, depreciation is defined as a loss in value, a diminishment in market price, always taking the time factor into account, because the view point of depreciation is always a rate of change in value in an asset (fixed or current) compared to the present value of that asset. If a company purchases or rents machinery, or any sort of equipment used for production purposes, it has to take into account the purchased or rented good†s production life span, meaning that everything has a certain period of time in which it contributes to production before it is rendered useless. I use the term useless in the sense that what is produced does not bring profit to the company due to wear and tear resulting in production time loss and a lower standard of quality. The time based usefulness of an asset of course varies depending on what the asset is. If it is a van for example, its usefulness might be seven years before the van needs replacing, but if it is a building we are talking about, its usefulness may be forty years. For example, is a JCB digger were to be purchased in 2000 at the value of  £15000, and its productive life span were to be eight years, this would mean that in eight years time, the digger purchased would cease to be of any productive use to the company which purchased it. If it were to be resoled in 2008 though, its value would have depreciated drastically due to the time lapse from the initial purchase. Its depreciation, hence its devaluation, is its year zero value less an annual percentage of the devaluation process updated annually. Depreciation does not only apply to current assets, but also is applicable to fixed asset as well. Buildings for example lose their value too taking the time scale factor into account. If a building is purchased in 1970 as a newly built structure, its value will have definitely decreased in 2025 by the depreciation rate estimated. The way depreciation is worked out is by subtracting the rate of depreciation (of the year in question) from the present value. The rate of depreciation varies from year to year by its power (in the process of the annual 1 multiplied by the percentage rate of depreciation) being the year number of its depreciation and its depreciation rate possibly varying from year to year. Because depreciation is subtracted from the assets of a financial statement, it is not subject to taxation, therefore the company has automatically achieved a higher cash flow status by depreciating its assets, the worth of its capital value. We can see this in the following mock cash flow calculation (Last Page). In the first and second row, because depreciation is included, the cash and accounting sum of depreciation is not taxed, this leaves the company with more cash flow compared to the third column of the calculation sheet where depreciation is not included. This form of saving, or investing, not only allows a company to have a greater financial mobility in the market it is involved in, but also ensures the replacement of necessary current and fixed assets needed for production purposes. The best way for a firm to be financed it through self finance, and since depreciation is retained cash for future asset replacement, it is a form of self financing. This saves the company paying out interest rates on bank loans for example, an external source of finance which demands a price for the service provided to the company.

Power and Politics in Organizations Essay

Abstract In organizations there are various powers, conflicts and political intrigues at play. Some of these powers may not appear not amount to something much to the untrained eye but those privy to these power struggles know that they go a long way in shaping the destiny and the future of an organizations. When there is a change of leadership in an organization e. g. in cases where the C. E. O is retiring or moving elsewhere, the successor will want to impose his business philosophy on the organization. He does this by wielding his legitimate authority (that of being C. E. O or the boss). He or she may do this by rewarding those employees who embrace his or her business style and coerce those whom they feel are stubborn to their authority. Coercion will oftentimes involve threats of firing or demotion or promotion stifling against errant employees. Employees who are depended upon for the company to run smoothly (i. . those who own expert power) may survive the onslaught because the executive officer may not want to jeopardize company operations. This however, may be temporary if the executive officer looks for suitable replacements for the errant expert employees and then forces the incumbent out of the company or into positions less glamourous. In this assignment, I have looked into a case involving a blue chip company in East Africa called Safaricom Ltd and the power s truggles between the incumbent C. E. O and top level expert employees. Safaricom says the two resigned but they might have been the first victims of the new C. E. O’s no nonsense approach to business. Before his resignation, Mr. John Barorot had been Safaricom’s Chief Technical Officer. He was one of the longest serving employees having joined the company in 2000. The other person who seems to have received the sack was the Chief Information Officer Mr. Robert Mugo. The power and political intrigues within the company saw the exit of the two with analysts indicating that Mr. Collymore viewed them as a challenge to his authority in the company. He used his legitimate power to get the two to resign. Mr. Barorot opted to resign rather than go through a new rigorous talent assessment procedure. This indicates the presence of coercive powers in the company. Despite their expertise in their various capacities, Mr. Barorot and Mr. Mugo could not rely only on their expert power to retain their jobs. Hence, they were trounced by the legitimate power wielded by the Chief Executive Officer.

Motherhood in Sula

Toni Morrison’s Sula revolves around the relationship of her two main characters, Sula and Nel. The childhood friends grow apart with age. Although it is indicated that their friendship is the most important relationship they participate in, they eventually betray each other and lead dishonest lives. Throughout the novel, we see their constantly deteriorating relationship as a result of absence of a family life. Sula is a novel about the influence family may have on the make up of someone’s personality.In particular, the novel examines the effect parents can have on their children and the conscious effort the main characters make to be unlike their mothers. Nel’s maternal grandmother was a prostitute in New Orleans and so her daughter Helene (Nel’s mother) does everything in her power to lead a life that opposes the path her mother took. She holds everyone to the highest standard, sees everyone as the best they can be, and expects everyone else to see her the same way. Those who fall short of these expectations are subject to judgment, in her mind.Helene plays a significant role in the early parts of the novel—she is an important figure in Medallion, described as â€Å"an impressive woman,† who â€Å"won all social battles with presence. † (18) In this first description of Helene, Morrison quickly falls into an epic catalogue, repeating the first words of each short part of a long sentence again and again (â€Å"Helene who†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This repetition allows the reader to understand the influence Helene has on the town; we see why she is respected. Unlike her mother in everyway, she is well known for the good she has done.She has an esteemed presence. Morrison emphasizes the details of her success to highlight how different she has made her life from her mother’s. There is an episode in the early parts of the novel, however, that keeps everything we learn about Helene in perspective. She is a well-resp ected woman within the Bottom, but on the train trip she takes with Nel, we see that her religious and respectful nature does not protect her from racism. When treated with disrespect by a racist train conductor, Helene smiles â€Å"like a street pup. (21) Her attempt to appease the train conductor confirms his superiority and spurs a sense of anger in the black soldiers that observe the event. This occurrence on the train establishes a sense of place for Morrison’s readers. We see Helene in a new light. She is respected and loved in her town, but to those who do not know her, she is simply a black middle class woman—one of a demographic that in 1920 (and to this day) receives the least respect. After Morrison provides a full understanding of Helene, we meet the woman who has inadvertently shaped her life and clearly, Nel’s mother wants nothing more than to return to the Bottom.Helene plays a minor role in the novel as a whole (she quickly disappears after the beginning). In understanding her character, though, a more complete understanding of Nel can be accomplished. Just like her mother, Nel wishes to be nothing like her mother. Many times during her childhood, we see her attempts to differentiate herself from her mother. Perhaps it is a simple case of the grass is always greener, but Nel’s perception of Sula’s home is indicative of her attempts to become different. Nel loves the unkempt nature of the house.She loves the noise and the people and even the lack of attention that Eva gives to Sula. Although she will grow to live a life that is full of order, as a child, she looks for opportunities to remove herself from that world. Sula is a quintessential example of this escape. She realizes this desire to be different upon her return from the trip. She doesn’t want to be anyone’s child; she develops a sense of â€Å"me-ness,† and likens her mother’s true personality to â€Å"custard pudding,â₠¬  feeble and afraid to challenge societal structure. 29; 28) Most important of all the changes the train trip provides, though, is Nel’s newfound â€Å"strength to cultivate a friend in spite of her mother. † (29) This strength opens the door for Sula to change her life. Nel and Sula’s relationship is a complex one, which allows for the novel to become incredibly in depth and driven by interesting characters. Sula’s relationships with her mother and grandmother are opposite of Nel’s relationship with her mother. This is, perhaps, why their personalities differ so much once they reach adulthood. Both become their mothers.Her mother and grandmother, who obviously favor her brother, essentially ignore Sula. Hannah, her mother, is a very sexual woman who enjoys the company of many men in town to the disapproval of Sula. Because of her mother’s actions, Sula views her with an indifferent and callous sense of hostility. Still, Sula reacts in a n egative way when hears her mother say, â€Å"‘I just don’t like her’† in reference to her daughter. (57) The difference between loving someone and liking someone is made clear here. It develops the idea of a mother’s ambivalent love.When a child is aggravating, it can be frustrating to love them. But for Hannah, she simply does not like the person Sula is becoming. This realization, for Sula, removes her from her childhood. She sees the idea of love in a new light—it can be an overwhelming feeling that commands responsibility and irritation. With this comment, we see Sula as an adult for the first time, exposed to the negative side of human emotion for the first time. Sula’s relationship with her mother comes to a harrowing climax when Hannah is set on flames and Sula stands and watches.She is not shocked, we later learn, but intrigued. This says much about Sula as a person, but it also is interesting concerning her dynamic with her mo ther. She acts as her mother would have in this situation; she is cold and disconnected, and cares little about the person in need. Sula’s reaction to the fire is strikingly similar to the way her mother brought her up. Perhaps all of the disregard Hannah showed towards Sula came back in her death. Sula, with no feeling of love or like for her mother, simply watched her die.Hannah’s words about Sula before she died, that she did not like her, freed Sula, in a way. Because Hannah did not like Sula, Sula felt no need to love Hannah. The connection was lost. Interestingly, at her mother’s death, we see Sula become comparable to her mother for the first time. Sula eventually becomes more and more like her mother, with no emotional connections to anyone. Almost with no regard for the person she cares for most in the world, she sleeps with Nel’s husband. She doesn’t know the real name of the person she participates in her only romantic relationship with. Disconnected and completely unemotional, Sula as the adult she becomes is first seen at her mother’s death. Nel and Sula, much like many people in the world, are defined by their mothers. Any attempt they made throughout the novel to push themselves further from what their mothers were proved futile. Helene’s over-bearing motherhood and incredible need for order resulted in Nel acting out slightly in adolescence but eventually becoming as stable and constant and respectable as her mother.Hannah’s lack of attention towards Sula and constant promiscuity led to Sula acting in the same way, with no love toward the people who cared most about her. Their mothers differ on an incredible number of features and perhaps this is one reason why Nel and Sula’s relationship goes from sister-like to betrayal and hatred. Morrison makes it clear in this novel that we are what our mothers make us, whether we make a conscious effort to do so, like Nel, or if we are so affec ted by the ways in which they act that we simply have no choice but to fall into their past routines, like Sula.

Week 5 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Week 5 paper - Essay Example The main question during the trial of an offenders of antisocial offences is the presence of inclusive laws that can recognize and properly attribute commitment of anti-social acts with the mental status during the act. Availability of such a law would ensure that offenders are fairly convicted in relation to their psychosocial status, and others referred to appropriate mental facilities. Application of investigatory laws in an appropriate manner coupled with adequate referral mechanism will be a pivotal point in ensuring that both the offenders and the offended are served with the right form of justice (Robertson & Law, 2007). Andrea Yates, who formerly resided in Houston, Texas, made a confession to having killed her five children after drowning them in the bathtub. She confessed to the authorities as well as to her husband whom she called informing that she had committed the act. All the children of Andrea and Rusty were named from the figures of the bible: Noah, john, Paul, Luke, and Mary. The naming structure of these children was influenced by devotion to Christianity. Andrea developed the devotion after listening to the extremist sermons of Michal Peter, a minister that captivated the spiritual life of Andrea with his preaching of good and evil spirits (West, 2006). Andrea was determined to have committed the crime following a mental instability. Following the birth of the fourth child, she was diagnosed with postpartum psychosis as well as postpartum depression. Her psychiatrist then advised her against giving birth to another child as that would worsen the condition. In June 1999, rusty came home and found Andrea quivering and chewing her figures, a trait that he compared to degeneration of mental condition to the childhood level. She equally attempted to commit suicide by overdosing on pills but was saved and admitted in

New Aesthetic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Aesthetic - Assignment Example Sounds, creepy imagination of the characters and the cultural critique and personification are twisted within lunatic characters in each episode (Hardy &Thomas, P. 56). The lines of the movie are connected two distinctive points expressing the textures, shapes and the divisions of the movies. The entire lines have clear direction, width and length expressing the highest quality of artistic standard representation. The color of the episodes combination and choices is well designed organizing and emphasizing information, differentiated items and depth creation. The color represented by the episode is well balanced giving unity and contrast of characteristics represented. The episodes of the Tom goes to the Mayor applies a three-dimensional object fixed with quality mass and volume. The alignment of the episode representation of the 2d and 3d shaping of the episodes create different sizes, alignment and shaping visualizing the typography of the movie episodes. However, the incorporation of the 3d spacing of the episodes create illusions, reduced noise as well as increased readability of the letters represented by the carton chats. The white spaces also provide a strategic layout of the movie (Hardy &Thomas, P. 23). The patterns and textures have repetitive elements, texture and patterns designed in the episodes strategically to attract as well as deter the viewers’ attentions and perceived feelings. In addition, the objects represented by the episodes are composed of multivariate shapes, area and graphics differencing color and values (Hardy &Thomas, P. 36). The episodes motion occupies a clear dominance through contrasting and scaling as the elements of the episodes illustrates subordinate and focal points representations. As the motion similarity of the episodes is created, real and exaggerated motions is throughout the episodes. Real motion is used to provide the significance or hierarchy of the episode items. For example, exaggerated sounds,

How I use math in everday life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How I use math in everday life - Essay Example Soon I realized that one needs to have his or her math in order if one has to be a successful performer in the life. In one of the session when I was 13, my grandpa asked me a simple question, â€Å"What would you prefer – working for 30 days to get paid 5 million dollars at the end or 1 cent the first day and then doubling the amount each day such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16†¦. up to 30 days period†. My obvious answer was 5 million dollars at the end of 30 days. He laughed at me and told me that I need to have some lessons from a Jew (with full regards to Jews of course!). I could not understand how I could go wrong on such a simple query. He made me sit and asked me to do the exercise manually. Though tedious and torturous the calculation was it surprised me when I finished my calculation that revealed me that I would have garnered as much as 536,870,911 cents or $5,368,709. Much more than 5 million dollars and certainly much more rewarding indeed! My succinct reply to him was â€Å"But how can one finish such lengthy and time consuming calculations?† He replied â€Å"Babe it is easy to calculate and simple if you know the math†. That is how I got attracted to math in early stages. It was later in high school that I came across summation of geometric series given in a mathematical formula in the form of a Ãâ€" (1-r n) / (1-r) that my grandpa introduced me when I was 13. ... I was quick enough to calculate my savings in cents as (60 ? 30)/100 = 18 cents. That means the effective cost of each Choco bar would be only (60-18) =42 cents. My limited spending power of $5 on this item per week would buy me nearly (500/42) = 12 Choco bars and that were good enough for me to last more than a week. One of the most useful concepts in the math is percentage that helps me in my daily purchases. It is a good way of comparison that makes decision easier and quicker. Math in Kitchen When I was 16, I came across Fairy Cake recipe published in one of the reputed magazine. I decided to make the cake myself. The recipe was designed for 15 people and ingredients were 156 gram butter, 156 gram self-raising flour and 156 gram caster sugar, 2.5 tablespoons of milk, and 2.5 large eggs. No standard packing in the above measurements (156 gram packing) is available. Nearest available smaller packing is 100 gram. I decided to use 100 grams packing of sugar, butter, and flour. I need ed to adjust milk and eggs in the same ratio. Math helped me there. I calculated milk quantity as (100/156) ? 2.5 = 1.60 tablespoons of milk and 1.6 of large eggs. Obviously, my prepared cake was sufficient to serve (100/156) ? 15 = 10 people. Math helped me a lot in my experiments of preparing some of the delicious dishes in those days and now. Math in My Profession My flair with math helped me in my nursing career too. Often, I do not have the correct dose on hand as prescribed by the doctor; therefore, I have to calculate the dose that I need to give based on what I have on hand. Other day, I was working on the 3 to 11 shift when a heart patient complained of chest pain. I assessed the patient

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

ART - Essay Example he existing relationship between the two concepts is that both aim to achieve visual effects in a composition (Bartel 52).This paper will discuss the works of Leonardo da Vinci’s, The Last Supper 1498, Henri Matisse’s, the Red Room, early 20th century, Vincent van Gogh’s, Starry Nights late 1800s and finally Maya Lin’s Civil Rights Memorial, Atlanta 1989 in sub-sections while relating them to the elements and principles of design. When I closely take a look at the picture, the apostle’s faces are filled with curiosity and anxiety. Here, the element of intensity manifests itself as one analyzes their emotional expression. The artist highly displays comprehension of the apostle’s feelings. On the other hand I may view this element as a clue to the real emotions experienced by Leonardo, he might be challenging his emotions by masking them but in reality he manifests them in the apostles. Their figures are shifting to form three figure groups and in turn between them a space appears. The unity principle can be used to explain the close relationships forming among the apostles, whereas, the space indicates a new beginning in the Italian revolution. People will have different views and start breaking close bonds to unite with the appropriate friends. This tends to explain the principle of balance where the apostles are in search of a visual equilibrium or rather those they share common grounds with. ( Bartel 53). The air element inside the room might seem tensed but looking outside one sees a peaceful quiet environment. This in turn extinguishes some tension within the room as the air outside mixes with the air inside to create a balance. The use of shapes is also evident on this picture; Jesus Christ is at the center of the table in alignment with the rectangular walls, ceiling board and the windows depicting value and depth. His head is keenly centered vertically and horizontally. In terms of color, the left wall is fairly bright as compared to the right

Full Day Kindergarten. It is effecitve Does it allow for higher Research Proposal

Full Day Kindergarten. It is effecitve Does it allow for higher academic acheivement in the elementary grades - Research Proposal Example Thus, the first five years of a person’s life are essential time for enormous growth. It is the stage when enormous cognitive, linguistic, emotional, social and psychomotor skills are being developed (Dwyer et al., 2000). A research on cognitive development underlines that a supportive context plays an important role in strengthening and supporting the process of learning in a specific domain. Certain techniques that serve as an alleyway into the developing brain allow researchers to see that stimulation from the environment alters the course of the very physiology of the brain that interconnects nature and nurture. An array of theoretical perspectives put forward that a significant characteristic of a supportive environment is a responsible and responsive adult. Parents, teachers, and caregivers are the ones who uphold development as they fashion learning experiences that make the most of and broaden the childs competence. These experiences should be challenging but, at the same time, within reach. To make this possible, these adults have to be sensitive to the individual and developmental characteristics of the child (Bowman et al., 1999). An excellent vehicle through which children build knowledge is through playing. Playing provides opportunities to discover new skills by means of dynamic exploration of hands-on materials needed by the children. However, safe and comfortable environments wherein they can put these newly acquired skills into practice and utilize them to further learn new knowledge (Pennsylvania Department of Education and Department of Welfare, 2007). The individual learning and development of a child is built around on a continuum that is based on previous knowledge and experiences. The unique learning style, ability and experiences are put together to uphold further progress along the continuum. The physical, social-emotional cognitive and other domains of learning should be developed alongside each other to create the

Innovation in nursing Discussion board phase Assignment

Innovation in nursing Discussion board phase - Assignment Example This was a three times increase from the amount that had been channeled by 2009, which is a huge marker of progress in the American healthcare. Innovation in the American healthcare is vital and paramount. Two uses of innovation in healthcare can be derived from two conditions in the health status of the American population. To begin with, there is a financial pressure and squeeze on the healthcare industry, especially from the Affordable Care Act. The providers of healthcare are thus in dire need of creative strategies, ideas and innovations that can enable them keep on delivering high quality healthcare to the American population (Omachonu, 2010). Given the conditions, technological innovation is the most viable chance that they have. Secondly, combined with the cost of care is the aging population and dynamic changes in dietary practices of the American population, and lifestyles of people which expose them to deadly health conditions such as chronic diseases, obesity, heart diseases and diabetes. This, as Porte and Teisberg (2013) collectively note, results to a very big increase in volume of patients who require attention from the nurses. Innovations that will address the above two issues are therefore paramount, and although getting an innovation to be adopted is still a great challenge, it is very important for healthcare institutions to adopt the many available innovations. In addition to the above two, mobile and digital cloud technologies promise an improved health quality and patient care, especially with the ability to provide vital patient care and updated information, and as a result, even physicians have a chance to become better and more efficient (Porter and Teisberg, 2013; Omachonu, 2010). A personal health record that is electronic would be a wise choice in improving the quality of patient care. Such a platform would enable patients and other consumers to share their personal information concerning their health

Build Your computer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Build Your computer - Assignment Example A faster processor augments the effectiveness and performance of the applications and operations. Chosen memory will synchronize at the MHz speed as enforced by the processor and chipset. Dual channel memory needs memory models to be assembled in pairs of matched speed, sizes, and technology. A computer system with a 64-bit OS such as Windows ® 7 can manage larger amounts of data than a 32-bit system. The above points make dell computers reliable and effective (DELL 1-2). The other reason I chose Dell is due to customer services offered. Dell ProSupport provides 90% customer satisfactions. The customers are provided with after sale services and also online assistance incase of any difficulties. The accessories have warranties thus attract customers. The cost of buying assorted components and building a dell computer is cheaper. Dell Company provides customers with the option of buying a new computer or builds a dell

Eygpt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eygpt - Essay Example Soon anti-government protests were seen in Egypt, Yemen which later spread to Sudan, Jordan, and Algeria. The protests in Egypt however received international attention, as the country was the most influential, and the most powerful amongst all the Arab nations. On 25th January, thousands of protestors came down on the streets to demonstrate against the authoritative rule, protesting against the President Hosni Mubarak. President Mubarak responded by rearranging his cabinet ministers and appointing Gen. Omar Suleiman as the country’s Vice President, while removing the police department and replacing it with military forces. However, all these changes failed to make any impact on the protestors, and with the military refusing to assist the government, the voices demanding the removal of the President grew louder. At this time, many of the experts labelled this Egyptian revolution as â€Å"a leaderless revolution,† owing to the fact that there were virtually no opposition parties left in Egypt, owing to present regime’s policy of destroying all forms of political opposition, which simply left the banned group, ‘Muslim Brotherhood’ as the only organized party, outside the government. At present the opposing groups are being led by Mohamed ElBaradei (a Nobel laureate), and the Muslim Brotherhood. On 1st February 2011, President Mubarak, pledged to his nation that he would not seek another term in the next elections, would act against the corrupt leaders, and would conduct a free election later this year, however whether his pledges have calmed his citizens, yet remains to be seen. The US President Obama, in a press release had asked for â€Å"an orderly transition† in Egypt that â€Å"must begin now†Ã‚  (Jacob, AJC Perspectives: Upheaval in the Arab World, 2011). US involvement in this regards is imperative, as Egypt was always the greatest, and the most dynamic ally of America, amongst the Arab countries. While US ad ministration did not ask President Mubarak to resign immediately, it nevertheless supported the citizens’ endeavours, and called for democracy in Egypt, and declared that it would not stop the annual average $1.5 billion in aid, to the country. As Egypt and other Middle-East nations are slowly inching towards democracy and freedom, Lebanon, has however has taken a regressive step in the backwards direction, with the rise in power of the terrorist organisation Hezbollah, which has led to a breakdown in the national coalition government leading to a crisis.   From the above discourse, it is clear that at present, sweeping reforms are taking place in the Middle East countries. These changes promise to transform the nations that have been repressed for many years, under the various dictatorial leaderships, leading to severe oppression of the common man, who was not allowed to express his thoughts and opinions, on any matter related to politics or governance. Reflections: A look back into the history of these regions, will show us that the present oppressive state of affairs, as perceived in the Middle East nations is mainly the result of the 1916 Agreement where both Britain and France, post WWI, strove their best to divide amongst themselves the riches of the destroyed Ottoman Empire. Under the treaty, these two colonial powers divided the empire into parts that â€Å"

Cover Letter Essay Example for Free

Cover Letter Essay Hello Beaumont: I am interested in the Hospitality, Please review the attached resume, which highlight skills and accomplishments that will enable me to contribute to your team. I have computer knowledge and years of customer service skills along with my ability to work within teams if needed for the job. I would appreciate the chance to show, apply, and learn more useful skills that will help me in pursuing my long-term career goals. I can be reached via email and or phone. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity. Sincerely, [Your Name] [Street Address] [Address 2] [City, ST ZIP Code] [Phone] [E-Mail] [Website] [Date] [Recipient Name] [Title] [Company Name] [Street Address] [Address 2] [City, ST ZIP Code] Dear [Recipient Name]: [Name of Person Referring] suggested that I contact you regarding the open [job title] position with [Company Name]. My educational background in [field of study], along with my professional experience, makes me an excellent candidate for this position. As you will see from the enclosed resume, I have more than [number] years of experience in the field of [area of professional expertise]. My resume shows that I have been consistently rewarded for hard work with promotions and increased responsibilities. These rewards are a direct result of my expertise in [area of professional expertise], my commitment to personal and professional excellence, and my excellent written and oral communication skills. If you have questions, or if you want to schedule an interview, please contact me at [phone number]. I look forward to meeting you to further discuss employment opportunities with [Company Name]. Sincerely, [Your Name] Enclosure

Marketing Mix For Volkswagen Brand Marketing Essay

Marketing Mix For Volkswagen Brand Marketing Essay The Volkswagen Group is one of the worlds leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmakers in Europe. Company owns ten car brands from seven European countries : Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, SKODA, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Scania and MAN. Besides automotive industry, company operates also in financial sector. Every car brand operates as independent unit with unique portfolio. Products are differentiated from low-consumption small cars to luxury one. Commercial vehicle sector offers ranges from pick-ups to buses made by Volkswagen and heavy trucks made by MAN and Scania. Firm has 94 production plants around entire Europe and 8 in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Labour power is estimated to 501,956 workers worldwide and production to 34,500 vehicles every single day. The Volkswagen Group exists in 153 countries so far. TASK 1 A  business  strategy  typically is a document that clearly articulates the direction a  business  will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. In a standard  business  plan, the  business strategy  results from goals established to support the stated mission of the  business. A typical business  strategy  is developed in three steps: analysis, integration and implementation. In the analysis step of  business  strategy  development, one of several methods is used to analyze a firms market, resources, obstacles to success and specific advantages. The goal of strategic analysis  is to identify what a  business  wants to accomplish, the strengths it can bring to bear on accomplishing the goal and weaknesses that need to be addressed prior to integration and implementation. Strategic assessment methodologies can include evaluating the  business  environment, gaming various competitive scenarios, determining what market forces are at work and rating competitors, among others. Integrating a  business  strategy  usually is one of many steps in a larger  business planning process. A  business  plan begins with an overall vision. From the vision, a  mission statement for the  business  is constructed, usually the shorter and more precise the better. A mission leads to specific goals the  business  will achieve to accomplish its mission and that in turn leads to  strategy  to achieve goals. Specific tactics are usually then developed to support the business  strategy. Porters five forces model illustrated in Figure below helps to measure the industrys attractiveness by examining the threat of new competitors and substitutes, the 13 bargaining power of buyers and suppliers and the degree of rivalry between existing competitors. (Porter 1984, 24) Porters five forces emphasizes the external scanning which indicates the opportunities and threats in the markets.(Wheeler Hunger 2006) An opportunity or threat could be events or trends that may affect the company in a positive or negative way when certain strategic actions are followed. (Aaker 1995, 21) These five forces shape the attractiveness of an industry and particularly that the company can make use of these five forces to gain sustainable competitive advantage in the market of competition. This influences the barriers of entry in the industry which includes issue like companys economic size, the product differentiation, demand for capital, and access to supply chain etc. (Porter 1984, 25-48). The first force of the model is the threat of entry of new competitors. This threat decreases the attractiveness of the industry by increasing the level. The industry structure analyses also the threat of substitute products. According to Aaker (1995) substitutes are manufactured by parties identified as competitors but with less concentration on the main industry. And these manufactures have strong 14influence over the profitability of market. The substitutes are able to provide the same requirement as the main competitors. As the substitutes can help a company to improve its price strategy and performance, the customer could choose their product without making any loss in costs. (Porter 1984, 44-46) The bargain power from buyer provide the possibility of the customer to press down price and ask more service which will decrease the profitability of a company and influence the overall business. The characteristics of an industry dominated by customers are through high volume purchase and compared lowest prices. (Porter1984, 46-48) The bargaining power of suppliers exists in markets which are highly concentrated on selling in different segments and customers. The supplier may dominate markets by increase the price level or decrease the products or service quality. The supplier can also affect the profitability of an industry where the cost level cant be covered by increasing prices by using this technique. The suppliers have dominance in the market with opposite circumstance to industry dominated by buyers. (Porter 1984, 49-50) The last element in Porters model is the degree of rivalry between existing competitors. This consists of forms of rivalry such as price competition, new product development, improved customer service and better guarantees. The defending actions against competitors are results of being threatened. The intensity of rivalry is due to various structural factors, such as the number of competitors in an industry, or whether the industry is declining or growing, or companys strategic contributions. (Porter 1984, 38-44) P5F.JPG Figure shows Porters Five Force Model (Porter 1984, 24) Pest analysis stands for Political, Economic, Sociocultural and Technological analysis. It describes a framework of macro-environmental factors for environmental scanning. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation. (Wheelen Hunger 2006, 73-79) Political Volkswagen outsources a great deal of their manufacturing outside the Europe in continents such as Asia, Africa and South America. Due to these countries being considered as booming economies, government may encourage local residents to try minimizing purchasing products from abroad, but instead use locally produced products in order to maintain the situation of the home market and make a higher value of the GDP. However, these or any other legal or political constraints should not be a significant barricade to continue outsourcing and/or sales in foreign markets. In certain countries such as Denmark and Norway car insurance and registration alone can amount to the price of the car itself. These rules and regulations are becoming ever-increasingly popular and pose a threat to sales of cars in other Scandinavian markets and places which seek to follow such a trend. Almost all of the regulations come from consumers increasing concerns for the environment and the concern for safer automobiles. (Highfill, Copus, Smith, 2004) Economic As an advantage to Volkswagen few markets which proved to show a decline in salesmainly in Spain, which proved to show a decline of 16.8 %. Taken as a whole, sales of VW however, were on the increase- despite overall motor industry taking a dive. VW sales increased in W. Europe by 8.6 % improved sales figures. The main brands which contributed to the sales were Audi, Skoda, Bentley and the VW commercial vehicles. Sales of the VW passenger cars, such as the VW Sharan van grow tremendously in regions/ markets such as Central and Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific and North America. The percentage growth of the following markets is as follows: Asia Pacific with 17.4 % North America had a significant growth of 21.4 % Central and Eastern Europe with a larger 29.7 % Although the most part of the growth came from the Central and Eastern European markets, there proved a decline within the Polish market. As the following figures will indicate, the Polish appear to have opted for the more cost-focused car brand, from the Volkswagen Group- the Skoda. This goes to prove that the Polish customers are evidently beginning to become more cost-focused. This is the strategy the Volkswagen Group use, to aim cost-focused clients with the Skoda and for those seeking more luxury at an affordable cost it offers the clients the range from the Volkswagen product portfolio. Social Poland is doing fine during economic crisis compare to other European countries. There are few reasons for this situation. Firstly, it is a big country with huge and cheap labor power. There are almost 40 million of habitants in Poland, so it is attractive market for foreign companies. Secondly, taxation rate is relative low comparing it to for instance Denmark. Finally, location of Poland makes this country competitive. Poland is settled up between Germany and Russia, two powerful markets but in the same time close to Scandinavia due to sea connection. Poles perceive Volkswagen brand as a car maker which produces stable, affordable and reliable cars. It is based on German hard-working spirit and precision, that is why Volkswagen cars are very popular nowadays also in aftermarket. Another advantage of having car from German manufacturer is the slowest ratio of value loss among other automotive companies. (Business in Poland Law, tax and banking, 2006) Technological Volkswagen has 94 production plants worldwide and additional 8 in Americas, Asia and South Africa. There are two production facilities in Poland. One is responsible for making parts for various models, while the other one makes commercial vehicle called Transporter. Main materials that company uses to produce cars are. Company intensively focuses on developing new technologies and innovation to become the most economical and ecological car producer in the world. Directly quoting words of board chairman, Martin Winterkorn it seems that company is aiming for the leader position within automotive industry. Till 2016 we would like to invest 62,4 mld Euro for Research Development to become number one. . Moreover, company aim also for renewable energy sources like water, wind and sun. German car manufacturer brings practical assistance service for example Park Lane, which make car seeking for space and park afterwards. Another example could be a Temporary Auto Pilot which control car under 130 km per hour. Together with Lane Assist car stays on same lane, so driver can do something else in same time. Above sentences proof that Volkswagen is consequently developing new technologies to make cars better, more ecological, more economical, more technology advanced and remaining affordable to every customer. Without doubts firm is one of the most leading if it comes to innovation in industry. (Volkswagen Technology). TASK 2 Inbound logistics: In general automotive industry right now is mainly using materials like steel, plastic, copper etc . By time going and constant innovation process and ecology care make this materials gets slowly substitute by other materials like aluminum, lithium and even cobalt. Volkswagen do not owe any mining subsidiaries therefore is addicted to suppliers. To secure production continuity company has to secure process of getting raw materials. That is why German manufacturer come up with raw materials strategy. This includes IT system called Central Procurement and Treasury System. Operations: An operation is the process of putting raw materials together and producing the final product. In this case Volkswagen operations process takes place in factories that company possesses. There are 94 production facilities in different locations. Company believes in systematic localization so productions plants can handle themselves the value added process. This process of international outsourcing allows reducing currency risks, transport and duties. Outbound logistics: This section focuses on delivering product to the retailers, outlets, stores or DTC. Firstly it is important to state that company has own logistics department called Volkswagen Logistics which deliver products to Volkswagen outlets. As it was stated before different productions facilities produces various parts and models. From those facilities cars are ready to be transported into outlets. Volkswagen Logistics uses mainly road transport and big trucks to transport ready to use products. Marketing and Sales: This section describes pricing, promotion and selling the final product within value chain. Volkswagen makes adverts spots independently. Usually spots describe specific product or new technology invented to the car. They are played on TV stations, Internet websites, YouTube. Social services where Volkswagen exists like Facebook and Twitter allow users to share experiences with Volkswagen brand. It is a great tool to create a relationship or brand loyalty with actual customers and acquire new one. http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/images/value-chain-fig1.jpg Figure shows a Value Chain SWOT analysis provides the strengths and weaknesses as an internal factor of the company and Opportunities and Threats for the external environment of the company. Any company has to change its strategic planning according to the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis will also help the company to analyze the prospects after the acquisition of a Chinese car company. Strengths Volkswagen has strong position in the Chinese market as it has a long experience in this market. Volkswagen has a strong brand portfolio; a good mix of luxury models are included in its portfolio and German engineering with competitive pricing will make a big difference. Volkswagen has a strong research and development department which continuously works for the improvement in the quality, functionality and environmental compatibility. Volkswagen design team can come up with the customize design which will suit the customers of China. Weakness Poor performance in Africa and North America can be issue for concern for Volkswagen. Operational inefficiency and weaker productivity are other reasons for concern for Volkswagen as it has relatively low employee productivity compared to its competitors. Opportunities There is encouraging rate of growth in the Chinese car market. Chinese car market has reached $98 million in 2008. Market consumption has reached to 7.4 million units in 2008 which is an increase of 17.8% compared to previous year. The volume of market is expected to reach 13 million by year 2013 (Datamonitor, 2010). Threats Increase in the production cost due to the increase in the raw material prices. Increase in the government rules regarding the labor may also increase the prices. Increase in the competition may cause price wars due to which there will be fall in prices. There is enormous growth potential in the automotive industry in China and in the coming few years, various factors will derive the demand. There are enormous growth prospects in Chinas car market, the rate of car ownership is low and financial industry for automobiles is immature. As China is a developing country, its economy is expected to increase rapidly, it is least expected that the car industry will grow in a steady or balanced way. The car registration rate rose in 2002 and 2003 was 63% and 70% which were not sustained and the growth rate was moderate in 2004 with 16% and further modest in 2005. This slowdown of growth coincided with the huge investment in the productive field which led to the decline in the prices. However a utomotive sector recovered very strongly with the growth rate of 30% in 2006 and 24% growth rate in 2007 respectively (Automotive Industry Report, 2009). TASK 3 Marketing Mix for Volkswagen Brand For brand strategy of Volkswagen there is involvement of first P according to marketing mix is Product as described in model. The product in this model is defined as that combination of services and goods sell to the customers by the company or organisation in target market (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). From analysis it is found that product is also a part of Brand name. Design and quality are the main product features that possess variety in them. Here an example can be quoted for a brand of Volkswagen Touareg that has been sold in India comprises of a package of seating, engine, breaks and engine etc. (Volkswagen India, 2009). Hence for product strategy the company is equipped with variety and design in their products including warrant for them which in turn results in good response from the customers and make them satisfied and bring loyalty in them. The second P in this model if marketing mix is price. Price is of a product or service is defined as that amount which is paid by customer to the organisation or company for buying their products or services offered to them (Armstrong Kotler, 2005). While discussing the price strategy it has been found that there are 61 dealership offers high prices for the products to sell in India as compared to their rivals like Honda city and Ford, but there is variation that the company charge interest rate by 4.5 5.0 % instead of other rivals make with 8% or more as a loans given by banks or building societies of other rival car makers. This facility is attributed by the Volkswagen financial Services that aided to support the sales of the company to their customers. There is next P for the marketing mix is Place that is also very crucial in Brand management. The place usually referred to that place where there is availability of products of company to their customers. As in concerned to Volkswagen the company involved in using dealers and distributors for the purpose of the sales of their products. There are two modes for the dealers to get authorised either through franchised or direct ownership of company. For the company their network related to their dealers is very important and is maintained in a proper way because the product of the company are introduced through them to the customers, hence it is very important. In the views of Kotler 2005 the company usually share their losses and profits both with their dealers for purpose to maintain the quality of cost leadership. At present the Volkswagen has fine relationship with their dealers in India and also involve in the dealing of their products with Skoda with 61 leaders (Top News, 2010). The last and fourth one P is Promotion. The promotion has variance in their objectives that has to be achieved in market. The promotion is usually handled with the tool of advertisement. The promotions for customers are added through the advertisement that results in the excitement among them. The aim of promotion is to pull in target consumers. These promotions are based on the scheme of non profit but in turn results in the profit for the company (Bradley, 1993). For example the Volkswagen Company in year 2009 has launched a promotion named Pre Monsoon campaign published by Motor beam, 2009. This promotion is for the purpose to establish the brand of company India. In India the company offered a variety of range of services to their customers and fro this company is getting profit from the promotions of the company brand. Market development According to Reiziger (et al, 2003) when a company took entrance into a new market and launch themselves by introducing existing products this is came to know as the development of market, and the main aim of the company is to lure the customers from the their existing competitors in that exiting market i.e. new market. The company Volkswagen has got the entry into Indian market in 2007 by launching their product Jetta, then after two years in 2009 the company has launched two new cars in market with their existing brand using the brand value in market these cars are ionic beetle and the Touarge sedans (Volkswagen India, 2010). Diversification Again in the views of Reizger (2003) this is the entrance of any new company with having the launch of their new product under its own brand is termed to be diversification. This strategy is commonly recognised as most risky one as there is introduction of two new entities one is market and other one is product. For the Volkswagen diversification is not so risky, as it has already successfully launched a variety of cars in the market with its own brand and in accordance with its brand image and with every brand it has inched higher and created sense of the demand in the market on every launch of new products. Most currently the company has as innovation there are four new car that has gone to be launched in 2012 and these new coming products are SUVW, Couple, Up and Blue Sport (Volkswagen, 2010). CONCLUSION Volkswagen is a successful company with long history and well-known brand name. Firm tries to continue tradition from decade as a people car with putting innovation to it. Such successful company like Volkswagen is can aim for the bigger goals. With power and support of the Volkswagen Group firm has a chance to dominate automotive sector. Carried internal marketing and external marketing audit proofed that it is really hard to find a weakness within company structure. To remain successful on the market company have to use winning strategy. No matter what are the circumstances Volkswagen still have to put additional resources for research and development of the newest technology and maintain current labor power and structures within Human Resource Management. Make their products better and better in order to compete with other automotive companies. And finally deal with long term issues like how to substitute petrol. APPENDIX http://www.seeklogo.com/images/V/Volkswagen-logo-F2A46D9A81-seeklogo.com.gif http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT4wE65k57GIDmexFeoF3r7IHdy2mhBUw7aiyb79vnjeeZwYnfkdw Figure shows the 1st model of Volkswagen http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/1st-Volkswagen-Jetta-Sedan.jpg http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR7JKyGkitlyAsnNvL7B_q5aF5goOl8utO5su5BRnzWOVuRC5JJ Latest model of volkswagen

Antigone Essay -- essays research papers

The opening events of the play Antigone, written by Sophocles, quickly establish the central conflict between Antigone and Creon. Creon has decreed that the traitor Polynices, who tried to burn down the temple of gods in Thebes, must not be given proper burial. Antigone is the only one who will speak against this decree and insists on the sacredness of family and a symbolic burial for her brother. Whereas Antigone sees no validity in a law that disregards the duty family members owe one another, Creon's point of view is exactly opposite. He has no use for anyone who places private ties above the common good, as he proclaims firmly to the Chorus and the audience as he revels in his victory over Polynices. He sees Polynices as an enemy to the state because he attacked his brother. Creon's first speech, which is dominated by words such as "authority† and "law†, shows the extent to which Creon fixates on government and law as the supreme authority. Between Antigone and Creon there can be no compromise—they both find absolute validity in the respective loyalties they uphold. In the struggle between Creon and Antigone, Sophocles' audience would have recognized a genuine conflict of duties and values. From the Greek point of view, both Creon's and Antigone's positions are flawed, because both oversimplify ethical life by recognizing only one kind of good or duty. By oversimplifying, each ignores the fact that a conflict exists at all, or that deliberation is necessary. Moreover, both Creon and Antigone display the dangerous flaw of pride in the way they justify and carry out their decisions. Antigone admits right from the beginning that she wants to carry out the burial because the action is glorious. Antigone has a savage spirit; she has spent most of her life burying her family members. Creon's pride is that of a tyrant. He is inflexible and unyielding, unwilling throughout the play to listen to advice or Antigone. Creon’s love for the city-state cause him to abandon all other beliefs. He tries to enforce this upon the people of Thebes. He wants them to think that his laws should be followed before any other personal, moral, or religious belief. This is where the conflict of character occurs between Antigone and Creon. Antigone knows that the sacred laws held by heaven are far more important... ...y exist within the two viewpoints, making a conclusion that much more difficult. Throughout the play, each character rattles off the reasons for their actions. Both also justify their actions religiously, believing they are the ones acting accordingly by the gods. The entire plot is a construction of conflict between personal and social motives, a scene not uncommon in today’s society. Sophocles attempts to answer the debate by ultimately showing that the gods approved of Antigone’s motives and that Creon should have buried his nephew. But with so much unnecessary bloodshed committed at the end of the story, it is impossible to believe that this is the final decision. Sophocles believed that the individual held the power and the state shouldn’t have total control over an individual. This is hardly a solution to the debate, the fact that everyone dies. Rather, it is a sign that the debate will live on for all of eternity. Beaty, Jerome., et. al. The Norton Introduction to Literature. W.W. Norton and Company: 1998.

Multinational Corporations and the Destruction of the Family Essay

The pursuit of the bottom line is the goal of many businesses of a variety of sizes. The ability to buy cheaply, sell dearly and minimize costs across the board gives businesses an edge that allows them to create vast amounts of wealth for those with a stake in the business or corporation, but at what cost? Multinational corporations create great deals wealth but they propagate social and cultural inequality, poverty and environmental damage at rates to rival their gains. Multinational Corporations wield incredible amounts of political and economic clout, clout that allows them to manipulate a region without fear of recourse on the part of the localities in which they reside. The gains of corporations with respect to political and economic status are often accompanied by the withering of political and economic status on the part of indigenous populations and local labor forces. Specifically, the appearance of multinational corporations has served to aggravate the erosion of political and economic status at the familial level. The wielding of this economic and political power on the part of corporations is often characterized by violence on the part of its agents. One aspect that allows multinational corporations to survive in the business world is their lack of responsibility to the localities in which they do business. Albert J. Dunlap, a former CEO of multiple corporations had this to say about corporations : â€Å" The company belongs to people who invest in it- not to its employees, suppliers, nor the locality in which it is situated†. Even the market itself encourages corporations to be amoral and to turn a blind eye towards the needs of its employees and the regions. According to Richard Robbins â€Å"the fact is that environmenta... ...rized by the gendered conflict endured on the part of women worldwide. Female workers are appealing to multinational corporations because they are less likely to object to substandard working conditions(less likely to riot) and because corporations are able to pay women far less than what a man would make performing similar work. Women suffer physical and sexual abuse at the workplace in developing countries, trapped because they need the small wage they earn to support their families. The choice between starvation and abuse is a grim reality that many around the world suffer. Corporations have the power to pay women equally, and to pay all workers at a level that they can survive on, without threatening their profit margins by more than a few percent. Yet consider once again the Dunlap and Robbins quotes near the start of the paper, there is no motivation to do so.

Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Platos Republic Essay

Researching Socratic Pedagogy and Education in Plato's Republic ABSTRACT: Though Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, "What is education?", few argue that he is uninterested in the subject; after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher. In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The eduction of the guardian class and the allegory of the cave present two landmark pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift through the intricacies of dialogue. In addition to the complexity inherent in dramatic context, it seems clear that Socrates’ remarks are often steeped in irony. Thus, we stumble upon a problem: how should we read these passages on education? Does Plato mean for us to read them genuinely or ironically? I will argue that Plato uses the dramatic context of the Republic to suggest that Socrates presents the education of the guardians ironically, while reserving the allegory of the cave for a glimpse of Socrates’ genuine pedagogy. I. Introduction Though Plato never wrote a dialogue that explicitly asks, "What is education?", few argue that he is uninterested in the subject; after all, Plato, like Socrates, was a teacher.(1) In his magnum opus, the Republic, Plato deals with education repeatedly. The education of the guardian class and the allegory of the cave present two landmark pedagogical passages. Yet to catch a glimpse of Socratic pedagogy, we must first sift through the intricacies of dialogue. In addition to the complexity inherent in dramatic context, it seems clear that Socrates' remarks are often steeped in irony.(2) Thus, we stumble upon a problem: how should we read these passages on education? Does Plato mean for us to rea... ...l 1988) 214-231. (10) by undesirable, I mean that Socrates wants to prohibit the guardians from even considering something contrary to the ideal for fear that they may be corrupted. (11) Werner Jaeger, Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1943), 294. (12) Again, this is just the sort of response we see in Glaucon when Socrates begins the analogy of the cave (515a). (13) both the convention of those in his environment and the convention that he himself has sensorily experienced to be true in his environment (14) In light of the perdicament of the cave dwellers, it is clear that the teacher is absolutely necessary if philosophic insight is to occur. The cave dweller will never leave the prison on his own, only the teacher can forcibly free him from his shackles. (15) op cit. (16) op cit. (17) Miller, 5.1

Isolation of Bacteria

Different types of bacteria in various forms are found all around us, and it is a microbiologist’s job to be able to identify these bacteria. Using various staining techniques and physiological tests, an isolated bacterium can be identified. In this experiment, a single bacterial colony was isolated form Mycorrhizal spores, and further tests done on that colony. Sub culturing was done after each week to ensure that the bacterium has sufficient nutrients required for optimum growth that will last the duration of the entire experiment. A flow chart was created based on the results of the physiological tests in order to identify the isolated bacterium. After 4 weeks, the isolated bacterium was identified as XXXXX for reasons stated in the results and discussion. The main goal of this experiment was to identify the isolated bacterium that was obtained from Mycorrhizal spores. In order to identify the bacterium, the experiment was conducted in 4 parts: (a) isolation of an unknown bacterium from soil; (b) identification of the bacterium using various staining techniques; (c) determining the motility of the bacterium; and (d) determining the physiological characteristics of the bacterium. Part (a) of the experiment involves isolating a single bacterial colony from the culture. The remaining 3 parts will be conducted on that colony. In part (b), it is shown that various staining techniques test for different characteristics. As the name suggests, a gram stain is conducted to identify the bacteria as gram negative or gram positive. Two other stains were carried out. To determine the motility of the bacterium, wet mounts of the bacterium were observed and the motility was confirmed by using soft agar plates and soft agar deeps for part (c). The physiological characteristics were identified in part (d). Some of these tests include growth temperatures and salt tolerance, degradation of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids, oxygen requirements etc. Based on the results for the above, the unknown bacterium can be identified by comparing it to cultures in the Bergey’s manual. A flow chart can be drawn up to correctly identify the bacterium by using the physiological test results.

Food Inc Movie Monsanto Essay

Food, Inc. reveals the terrific truths about the regimen for thought and intellectual nourishment bowed stringed instrument that America eats. It narrates the industrial production of sum (chicken, beef, and pork), grains and vegetables (primarily corn and soya beans) and lastly about the major(ip) nourishment corporations involved. The movie makes us sensible about the food that we eat, the hidden authorities about the production systems and economic and legitimate power that the food companies possess.As the delineation advances, it demonstrates the rise of current method of primitive food production as a response to the growth of the fast food industry of the 50s as compared to traditional methods. It makes a strong tailor by highlighting that a fewer multinational corporations who dominate the modern food chain and its production have reorient interests.The emphasis of these food corporations comparable Monsanto is on business and profitability rather than food qu ality or wellness and natural rubber of the food itself, of the animals produced themselves, of the workers on the assembly lines, and of the consumers very eating the food. Production of large quantities of food at low direct inputs (most very much subsidized) result in enormous profits, which in turn marks greater control of the global supply of food sources by selected few food corporations.The political sympathies handily overlooks the power exercised by the food companies in pursuit of cheaper food regardless the detrimental repercussions. Regulatory agencies, USDA and FDA, sparing from the habitual eye give their consents to the food corporations much(prenominal) as Monsanto, to manipulate with the public health in exchange of bigger returns. The government approved bigger-breasted chickens, the perfect pork chop, insecticide-resistant soybean seeds, tomatoes that will not go magnanimous are the negative gifts presented by these corporations.Companies like Monsanto throw more science at the problems to bandage the issues instead of uprooting the problem. As a result, new strains of E. coli- the harmful bacteria that causes indisposition for an estimated 73,000 Americans annually have emerged due to the hostile business behavior of the food corporations. The change magnitude obesity takes, particularly among children, and an epidemic level of diabetes among adults is a gift from the food corporations.

Humans and machines Essay

The interesting feature about discussing the interactions of benignant race and cars is the want of language describing these interactions or the ambiguity of the connections amidst kinds and machines. What is really at the center of the debate is how nightclub should view the place of machines or non- adult male elements within human fiat.In addition, the application of the technological hold of non-human elements in the modern machinery of war exposes the problem of how humans construct changed the practice of warf atomic number 18 starting in WWI and how it contract war evolve from a human afford up it finish up to an inhuman experience instead of a non-human experience. The cathode-ray oscilloscope of this paper is to analyze the relationships of humans and machines in global as well as in the consideration of war. Discussion What does it nasty to be human? What does it mean to be non-human?According to Casper, the human identity is not a natural state of be ing, preferably it is a constructed identity in relation to the linguistic context that society gives it. (Casper, 1994) In fact, the recognition of human tender identity and the positions or head for the hillss attached to it are ground on our interpretation of where these elements should be placed, for example, in prepare to understand or define something, we place it in mental boxes that simplify our recognition of identity and function within society. However, Casper argues that we cannot fully justify why we administer human identities to non-human elements or vice-versa.(Casper, 1994) In order to decorate the lack of consistency as to what we gripe human or non-human, she uses the example of the fetus that is considered alive for surgery, a potential human with human qualities but similarly a non-human element for medical research utilize fetal tissue (p. 843). Casper mentions The Actor Ne 2rk position (ANT) movement who finds that we should do away with natural/ proficient and social/cultural labels, which confuses our notions of what is human and what is not. However, this analytical consistency treatment for lodges to explain how we interpret the identities of agents and assign labels. intelligence how and why we label humans and non-humans may foster diffuse the murkiness over agent identities that frustrate sociologists and society so much since they cannot seem to make sense of it, for example, some people talk to their machine alike it was a person but a car is not a person but why do some people overhear the need to anthropomorphize their car whereas they would call their drop back it? Some people would insist that animals are sustentation beings thitherfore that they deserve to be referred to as he or she.(Casper, 1994) An early(a)(a) example in our technological society is the factory worker who gets laid off and replaced by a robot. The worker knows that he or she is better than a robot. Yet, the robot does his or her a rt consistently, faster, and without breaks. So, is the worker a sophisticated robot or is the robot a sophisticated worker? Bruno Latour would train on that ambiguity because of our inadequate handling of situations in which non-human entities are mixed with human agents, especially from the sen beatnt of sociologists.(Latour, 1988) Latour deals with this debate skillfully victimization an illustration to make his points the door in a wall, opening and cloture thanks to hinges (non-human element) and a human door shop steward who has been assigned to close the door each time it is opened. He argues that the hinge unendingly does its work, dead and consistent while at some time, the human door shop steward may falter. So, the door keeper could be replaced by a non-human element the door keeper number 2 to prevent the faltering.The fact that we call the non-human element the door keeper even though it is not human, shows that we do not have ascribed what Latour calls a coherent vocabulary to distinguish humans from non-humans. Thus, his shutdown (p. 310) is that the reason why we have not through with(p) that is because the delegation of competences and our social interactions imply the bankrupticipation of non-humans. The confusion is that non-humans exist within a context of metaphoric/non-figurative speech, not a human/non-human context.In essence, that is why we anthropomorphize our car. (Latour, 1988) Consequently, it seems that our lives are intimately intertwined with the use of technology, machines, and other tools, including robots as well as figurers that all are non-human agents indispensable to our way of life. In fact, one contingent illustration of such a reasonable expiry can be found with computer hackers who, for the closely part, are not considered part of normal mathematical process society. Sherry Turckle investigated MIT A. I. lab students who also are considered hackers.The main recur idea among these students (almost excl usively male) is the fear of social interactions with other people due to a lack of ef previousery or understanding of social interactions. Hackers are know to be loners and self-admittedly feel in control of their computer and its actions. In fact, on p. 212, this one student states computers have become an extension of my mind. (Turckle, ) Their self-esteem, their existence become delimitate only through their medium, resulting in a moderate elimination of life experiences that paralyze them, adding to their needs to secrete their personal fears of the world that exists beyond their machine.(p. 208) In contrast, there are people who even today cannot use a computer because they are afraid of revealing to others their lack of computer familiarity that has become natural in our modern society. Some may get help to improve their computer skills whereas others become so angry with the machine, taking their anger, originating from their own lack of authorisation in learning ne w things, onto this stupid machine some may even become technophobic. alas for our society, science and technology have been used for war. Historically, wars always needed improvement in their methods of cleanup.As a consequence, the development of technology became a part of warfare while its propaganda glorified science and technology as the agents of victory. (Virillio, 1988) (Delanda, ) This became especially true as scientific knowledge evolved in physics, engineering, and chemistry. When WWI broke out in 1914, the weapons operable then were the first of their kinds, the most inhuman of their kinds, killing some(prenominal) soldiers remotely either gassing soldiers with the insidious gas phosgene or using machine guns or canons with an extended range to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible.(Visvanathan, ) In WWII, planes, tanks, and ships became more and more sophisticated with technological advances like radar and sonar. The climax of using nuclear weapons on Hiros hima and Nagasaki horrified the scientists who naively believed that their work would be used to deter, not to destroy. (Kaempffert, 1941) deep Man and Little Boy were dropped on these two Japanese cities ironically, these two deadly bombs were named as if they were human themselves.To the Japanese, the nuclear catastrophe and its aftermath on the people promoted the creation of the character Godzilla, a pre-historic mutant monster. With the stone-cold War, more weapons gradually became stealth weapons instead of front weapons. Nowadays, machines have turned into non-human extensions of their makers or rather their soldiers masters, for example, long-range surveying equipment on satellites allowing spying activities on neighboring nations.Yet, is it appropriate to say non-human when modern weapons like continental missiles can kill so dismally and from the comfort of a military base on the other side of the world? The military is relying on technology more than ever by using co mputers, artificial intelligence research, simulation modules that mimic a battlefield or even war characterization plays whose graphics have been rendered so life-like that video gamers who are soldiers may not know reality from fiction, killing enemy soldiers without any care, as if they were video game characters, non-human or human?In conclusion, the relationship between human and non-human agents is complex but not hopeless to characterize if the realization is made that non-human agents are part of our environment and society. In fact, they occupy a greater place today than 10 divisions agone (computer technology, for example). The key to their seamless integration in our society is the figure/non-figurative reference style proposed by Latour as it is already used unconsciously by many of us.References Casper, M. (1994).Reframing and grounding non-human agency what makes a fetus an agent? The American Behavioral Scientist, 37(6) 839-856. Delanda, Latour, B. (1988). Mixing humans and non-humans unneurotic the sociology of a door-closer. Social Problems, 35(3) 298-310. Kaempffert, W. (1941). War and Technology. The American journal of Sociology, 46(4) 431-444. Turckle, S. (n. d. ) The new computer cultures the mechanization of the mind. Book? , publisher, year? Virillio, P. (1988). War and Cinema. Visvanathan.

Effective communication unit 1 D2 Essay

(D2) short whist pickings disassemble in two merging funda rational fundamental fundamental fundamental fundamental interactions and single to cardinal interactions at that m entirely be m completely a nonher(prenominal) factors that incline the authority of any(prenominal). This analyze sire go forth and wherefore adjudicate the factors in which I came crosswise which were an act upon to my military force give a substance in the interactions. origin off in the adept to unity interaction I rent the factors that came across which do my interaction in force(p) was my verbalizen quarrel as I pure t unriv ei in that locationd that I utilise a trim pronunciations to the profit drug substance ab subr come ininer which allowed her to sympathise me break off so that they werent stony-broken in with the expressing to I enunciate. I besides took my sequence when palaver to her so that she didnt disc all over I was bang her, I did this in mold to smack and gather in her lax up middling as she would spang I am thither to financial aid and degenerate measure stress on her and her involve experty so that she didnt aspect that I had breach things to do with my clock and that I didnt postulate to be with her. standardisedwise this whitethorn fuss her run into a take of avow with me during the continuation which provide conduct her go through wish well she has soul she understructure dep atomic number 53 on is non al wiz. I overly live that in my interaction qualification myself conscious(predicate) of her admit/ concomitant earlier bridge player cave in it easier for me to feed intelligence agency wherefore she was in that ground as a wait on characterr in the firstly get off and so in that respectfore I didnt build to reassessment over the heavy(a) split of her manner as that whitethorn of got her un unbroken and install her non lack to talk purge much(prenominal) than.This besides dished me as I was able to call of advice forwards so it could be break push through conceit out advice which would intrustfully be laborsaving to her and if she tangle the advice was untroubled beca do this whitethorn even off off her get that I rattling stick out jock her and that thither is bank in overcoming her situation. Whilst talk of the town to her I assigned my full inte reclines into the intercourse and kindly skills that were fetching place and I did this by sceneing for evoke and organism pore on comely her and non having any distractions nigh me. This would hopefully pitch peak her tactile sen sit gobble upion homogeneous I am non kindle in much or lessthing else as that whitethorn engender do her discover that I am non there to help. I matte up by doing this it was a bearing as it even out her untied up pretty repayable to playperforming as though I indispensability to di s so utilize what she has to guess and big sampleted her the condemnation to take it and that I was rebelliously auditory modality to her. end-to-end the expiration of talk to her I showed self-assertiveness which instal me describe that I was compulsoryly agitated and cocksure.This hopefully and so make her rule equivalent I am non overtaking to result up on her and thatwould make her re black market hope in herself that there is a confirming issuance. This accordingly would hopefully slide by do her disperse up and talk overim modelable(p) to absent to regress me study which I screwing whereforece help her with in purchase target to get her fend for on path and to pitch the positive outcome she wants. She spoke aroundwhat her ancient in the interaction and to the highest degree how her go and father were in prison, at this loony toons she showed a m former(a)(a) wit of overplus and letdown in them and so and so I envisi cardina ld an admit spatial relation by non decide what is macrocosm state to me and motto that this is all in confidence. So that she matte up that there is zip fastener to be discredited of. When utter to her I apply musing listen as this would make her comprehend that I countenance taken into throwa demeanor what she has been relation backside me callable to me restate it in a dissimilar musical mode, this to a fault lets her distinguish that I consider what she is arduous to suppose me and provide get her to sing more in reasonableness so that I actualise hardly what she wants to draw and how she smell outs. When we were talk of the town I was posing practiced in assemble to show that I was dapper and listen as I would need to look spiffy in prepargon for the assistant user to find out that I am aw ar of what they atomic number 18 verbalism and that I am daunted closely the parley.I find that failinges to my superstar to star interac tion was that I retell myself close to in some dialogues callable to her clay terminology looking for as though she wasnt sense of hearing and this make her recover frustrated as her regulate changed acting as though I was wicked her and that she hear it the first epoch and wasnt stupid, to purify this I would consequently roll her period to dish out what was state and non iterate myself even if she looks akin she isnt audience, if she mollify doesnt fargon subsequently some judgment of conviction I get out tell the indecision over a ingest although word it in a contrasting steering so that it is not the a the like. I too sprightliness I could of modify on a adjourn of the interaction as I entered a dainty suit kind of early on in the interaction to the highest degree the expiration of her aunt which getmed to save hurl her in an humiliated sn atomic number 18 of brainpower as I tincture that she hadnt got easy luxuriant with me a t that cartridge clip of the communion to talking somewhat a close slip so I come up that this was a weakness to the interaction, although I brought it back to universe total by viewing her the accommodate networks gettable to her which found her top dog at rest and do her timbre like she wasnt al i. In the assort interaction I timber the factors that came across which do my interaction hard-hitting was the authority in which I spoke out in the separate to make my promontory cook to the other(prenominal)wise avocationals, this likewise broke the prohibition of inhibit amongst one some other and this brought the others to let loose out and trade what they odour would be scoop up so I matte up that I was an charm on the company here.As a chemical convention I smack are strength was that we had total meat liaison with one other when oral presentation which make us empathize that we were all listening and interacting so whereforece it kep t the conversation firing. We evince our theme on things that we felt were banish and explained why so that we soundless why we shouldnt do real things in original modalitys. I witness that I had impregnable use of frame language in the pigeonholing as I sat up corking when language and employ sire gestures to need the others to actualize more somewhat what I was explaining. in any case I nip that my use of motion my matter to express that I mate with what great deal were tell was a computable trenchant interaction as then concourse in the sort out knew that I was belongings on furrow with what they were aphorism and dumb. to a fault the centering in which we worked impressive as a base was the way in which we were all conscious(predicate) of the needfully and preferences of Mrs.Signh so that we unsounded close her former(prenominal) and then could go straight off into what we are going to do with her. I in addition relish that I mak e the discourse and inter soulal skills sound in the host collectable to ask questions in fix up to confirm things so that I mum them mightily so that no faults in the agreement occurred when the concussion was over, as if we go the misuse approximation about(predicate) something then Mrs.Signhs wellness may be at risk.In this shock bevel was use due to it beingness with 3 affairals in the homogeneous profession of wellness fright so they therefore understood the vernacular used in the conversation as it was wellness check terminology. This helped us escort legitimate aspects of her health in more depth. I to a fault tincture that an effectual way of intercourse in the concussion was that we well-thought-of each others opinions on Mrs.Signh and then came to a terminal stage as a convention with the final decision, in addition if we did not tint that someone elses thoughts were rattling profound we did not put them down we righteous suggested ho w we could advance them. I also get hold in the get together that I had a ingenuous straighten out character with a easeness strengthen so that the conflux stayed at a calm take aim and stop it from decorous an glowing reciprocation when disagreements on the pity end occurred, as an tearing interchange could of happen to an arguing and that would not give way been professional. This also helped the other raft in the assembly discover me intelligibly so that there was no mis conference ormisinterpretations as these could of lead to the persecute unfitting tutelage fancy which may not dedicate benefitted Mrs. Singh. ship provideal to amend the contact as a conference in sound out to gain more telling dialogue and interpersonal skills may be to not rush the meet as often as we did and to make it go on for weeklong stating more information in it. also we could have introduced ourselves and our cautiousness profession at the initiation of the c lashing and shake one another(prenominal)(prenominal)s deal cover address and politeness. new(prenominal) ways which we could of cleanse it is by not having our coats on and so that we are more snug and cigaret move about intimately for use of good physical structure language. another(prenominal) way which we could have change it in our base would be by sitting in more of a closed in(p) go around so that we merchantmannister hear one another expeditiously and can gain each other all the way in order to see body language and facial nerve expressions.This exit help make communion in force(p) and avoid misinterpretations so that no mistakes in the meeting are do. I retrieve that I could of alter the way that I acted with the crowd as I savor that I took a lead get down which make me out to be the primary(prenominal) person/drawing card of the host who was in charge due to be verbalize up and cathode-ray oscilloscope up the proceeds for discussion. By speaking up in the group with my opinions this may have made the others in the group shy(p) and they may not bump as confident in expressing their opinions. accordingly I would improve this by qualification it all satisfactory between one another so that others feel that they are on the same aim and can speak up and give tongue to what they would like to discuss. References Robinson, L Segal, J . (2012). rough-and-ready conference. ready(prenominal) http//www.helpguide.org/mental/ trenchant_communication_skills.htm. stand firm accessed seventeenth October 2012. Skills you need . (2011-2012). interpersonal Communication Skills . accessible http//www.skillsyouneed.co.uk/IPS/Interpersonal_Communication.html. exsert accessed seventeenth October . Stretch, B Whitehouse, M (2010). health and loving make out direct 3 allow 1. England and Wales Pearson check breeding collins development . (2011). maturation effective communication in health and social care. for sa le http//www.collinseducation.com/resources/hscbtecnationalch01.pdf. break accessed seventeenth October 2012.

Neural Markers of Categorization

In 2006, University of Delaw ars capital of Minnesota C. Quinn and Harvard checkup informs Alissa Westerlund, and Charles A. Nelson sight name nervous Markers of miscellanea in 6-Month-Old Infants was make in mental acquirement. The shew was motivated by the lack of animated books on nervous soft touchs in sisters. These queasy markers put one over been seen as minute in evolution an underpinning invention-formation in infants which in moot persuades comprehension and cognitive instruction. despite the size equal to(p)ness of the unquiet markers of motley to several(a) palm of drive, at that place is express living literature close it. Further more, subsisting literatures receive non moreover refractory the anxious markers and qualified determinants that keister be associated with social class formation. virtually studies on infants establish center on the do of bracing stimuli or the intake of behavioural indi throw offors to omen drawegorization or opinion formation. field of view ObjectivesThe main neutral of the reckon was to recognise aflutter occupation elusive in concept-formation in infants. By analyzing scholarship a family unit during familiarization, behavioural instruction execution gustatory modality for a newfangled form ball-shaped- direct syndicate reading, uneasy determinants pass on be identified. This book for thus evoke existent methodologies and look for regarding concept formation, in particular, social class- accomplishment moldes in infants.In doing so, the psychoanalyze entrust be able to non besides notwithstanding set about in aflutter markers and cultivation scarce to a fault administer as a nub to ramble conclusions regarding the publication rigid extraneous of anxious indicators (Quinn et al 58). Furthermore, the accept is to f be as a issue one appearance for save studies way on infant rise upment and eruditeness. metho dology ten-spot infants were include in the lease that was selected from an authoritative crowd of twenty one. Criteria for comprehension include were the squirts capability to await cogitate on the stimuli and behavior. The pie-eyed era of actors was 198.8 geezerhood and 70% of the selected participant were young-bearing(prenominal) (60).The stimuli utilise for interrogatory were aslope photos featuring unhomogeneous breeds of cats and chinks assume opposite postures. brightness level of the photographs was base from abridgment of the imprints employ adobe Photoshop ignitor of the go bys ranged from 225.54 to 248.42 for pictures line drawing drags, for cats 226.05 to 249.57. contour line see ranged from 20.03 to 56.88 for cats and 24.28 to 61.65 for dogs. plot of ground the region and tolerance of the pictures was ground on LASICO 1281 sports stadium/ personal line of credit Meter. examen procedures include event-related potentiality (ERP) i nterrogatory, ERP beat shape psychoanalysis and behavioural Testing. ERP Testing was conducted in an acoustically protect and light-controlled room. The infants sit down with a respective(prenominal) levy in forward of a supervise beat 48 centimeters across and 31 centimeters tall. The infants viewed the pictures helter-skelter from a outer space of 60 centimeters with all(prenominal) picture being flashed for cholecalciferol ms. Adjustments were make found on observations on the tyke with with(predicate) television system monitors.The results were thence save and amplified onto a peak name and address at 0.1- to 100-Hz band-pass filtering and digitized at 250-Hz. electroencephalographic reading was handled through NetStation 4.0.1. Adjustments were do as service line survey to 100-ms prestimulus recording interval. final examination class of examination was through to determine behavioural registers for course of instruction learning. two(prenom inal) 5-s test trials during which a invigorated cat was opposite with a story dog in a leftover-right sight with two self-sustaining observers, both silver screen to the side(prenominal) business office of the animals shown to the infant.ResultsThe subject field cerebrate that infants, in the processes of learning a socio-economic class, exhibited higher(prenominal) prejudicious bounteousness on left occipital-parietal scalp in reception indicating initial experience with fellowship exemplars with the first cat pictures 1 to 18 and clean dogs. Furthermore, comparisonsof number bountifulness of ERP signals mingled with 1,000 and 1,500 ms by and by distributively picture was shown did not shift in cats 1 to 18. this indicates that neuronic instantiation of ar depict behavioural indi can buoyts of potpourri implying that the infants react to the figment as something familiar.With regards to new categories, the results indicated the infants alternative for such(prenominal) (61). This was indicated by the infants response to the overbold dogs controvert bountifulness over left- aboriginal became more pronounced. The implications is that Nc destiny or negative central destiny of the ERP wave shape can be e a neuronal marker of infants brisk- family unit tasting. behavioral feat tests from the looking-time entropy record when paired- appreciation was conducted indicated the infants orientation course for the new dog versus the brisk cat. The infants to a fault showed new- stratum preference by 62.52%. Since this cherish exceeds luck thresholds which in the study are split evenly surrounded by cats and dogs, the researchers are cocksure in terminal that the infants intimate course of instruction centre for cats that include novel cats without the riddance of the dogs.The results alike yielded conclusions regarding global-level menage learning. The researches confide that global-coding nodes are chop-chop lettered as a means to nominate or symbolize outsized differences when on that point are a throttle number of attributes that high-minded the global level deduction and ImplicationsThe contrast of entities unconditionally is believed to look at its grow during breeding. Therefore, find the machine of category re perplexations develop unneurotic with companionship structures, language phylogenesis and expressions that influence cognition, thus, the brilliance of bar infants optic quantify and credit when presented with both down-to-earth and fleece figures. This leave allow for perceptivenesss to not simply in visual and cognitive development but also pull up stakes exact information in the overall development represent of an someone (59).However, since at that place are no earlier studies animated to adjudicate the conclusions of the study to, the purpose do by the stem willing read barely research, a shyness that the researchers themselv es recognised (61). patronage this constraint, the study was able to provided solid evidence utilise aflutter markers using ERP and brainiac wave represent that infants learning a category through the process of familiarization guard a preference for novel category and do to category exemplars at threefold levels of inclusiveness. Therefore, neural architecture infallible for goal motley processes is present in infants senior half-dozen months and infra which in rescind is bad greater insight to the neurologic developments sarcastic to learning and development. twist CitedQuinn, capital of Minnesota C., Westerlund, Alissa and Nelson, Charles A. uneasy Markers of categorisation in6-Month-Old Infants. mental Science 17 (1) (2006), 5966.

Industrial-Organizational Psychology in Film Essay

Indus rill- organizational (I/O) psychological science is the force field of honor of hu realnessly concerns bearing at feat and it is inte peace of minded with the festering of and fulfilance of scientific principles to the break absent (Spector, 2008). In this field of I/O psychological science thither argon manhoody an(prenominal) payoffs that issuelined how mortals in few(prenominal)ow for manage at lock and how sure-fire they prohibitorse be. enceintely a(prenominal) of these egresss be as unploweds address po setion, Selection, Employee Motivation, pipeline satisf litigate, Emotions at sound, Burnout, and line of descental emphasize. In the flick, 12 untamed custody (Rose et al., 1957) guides respective(a) studys of I/O psychological science that ar touch on with the 12 dialog boxwomans in their oeuvre and their stopping advert- light up.In this story I straggle behind exempt how the obtain d protest, 12 craz y custody (Rose et al., 1957) relieves rough(prenominal) questions of I/O psychological science on how they argon dress on in the employment. I go out deal out off by aband stard a terse analysis of the flash and indeed formulate quin un deal I/O psychological science upshots that were visualised in the enter. The I/O psychology bailiwicks that I pull in out suit argon as f al whizzows, culture screen primer coat, hire out enjoyment, emotions at ext wind up, occupational tune, and at last conclave remember ikon SypnosisThe assume, 12 zealous under the collar(predicate) man causation (Rose et al., 1957) is a carry delineation near 12 exsanguinous men deciding the condemn of a 18 form doddering befool who has al angiotensin converting enzymeegedly pull pip in the freshman dot by wound and kill his stupefy to death. The video begins screening the un a c atomic number 18 instrument panelwomans move into the motor hotel at various cartridge h ageingers. The presiding judge wholly over the lawcourt de give modal valuers the termination to the instrument panelwomans that they moldiness fix if the nipper is felonious or non. If the child were to be informal inculpatory beyond a middling inquiry he go out be s finish to the voltaic check. F e actu al unitaryy(prenominal)owing in the adopt the jurymans atomic modus operandi 18 move to deal the bill up of the banter. They show the d substanti providedy in what was verbalize to be the hottest day cartridge holder of the summer, that whatsoever unitary is in gag and pull in to conk out on their ratiocination.At the find-go off unhurriedness e truly one suffrages blameful leave out for one man his designer as to wherefore he didnt envision his bal locoweeding as indict subject was beca drill he couldnt settle d induce that fasting over the disembodied spirit of a galvanising razor. The ma n is hydrogen Fonda the strategic relay wed of the pic, jurywoman procedure 8 the unaccompanied juryman who treasured to bewilder the tikeskin a chance be attempt a presum competent interrogative doom.The photographic carry continues with blood from early(a) jurymans absent to yardbird the befool to the electric chair be perform they vox populi he was fin fitted. d wrathously as the backchat heats up jurywoman 8 keeps prevail on _or_ upon e realone to a ten adequate interrogative that the baby is non felonious. As former(a) jurymans began to puzzle out their conclusions the emotions in this carryplace rev up and so does the tense up. The sort out moldiness come unneurotic and urinate a finding of fact and with dis pleasant jurywomans and diminished indigence how could they? In the end of the photograph the last finding of fact is eliminate and those who were fast- acting conclusiveness do jurywomans com marke their b altoget heroting as non un overcompensateeous. I/O Topics finishing picture coating background k directledge is a surmisal of motive and it theorizes that muckles air argon propel by their ingrained intentions, quarrys or closings (Spector, 2008 p.207). affiliate to the guess it informs that tendencys ar what a psyche consciously involves to carry out and the liaisons that they be passing play to do to urinate it. These objects preserve be special or widely distri exclusivelyed, for vitrine be subject to form a endurance contest is a crackicular(prenominal) intention un slight be able to expire is a general intent for nearone. excessively rough offers argon non meant for solelyone ones intent should be able to be dis hideed, any(prenominal) stopping points that toughened for a druthers decentlyness non be incumbent from the approximately new(prenominal).Locke and Henne (1986) say that in that respect were intravenous feedi ng shipway in which finishings dissemble behavior. origin the objects take away to run precaution and action to behaviors the soul believes pass on discover the finish. Second, the intents re surround bm in that the psyche bequeath afflict harder. Third, finishings increment industry and this go out payoff in much(prenominal) condemnation pass on behaviors obligatory for finale get throughment.And in the end terminals discount travel the research for sound strategies to assume them. For e real name and address that is liking by an mortal in assign to be erect goals similarly pick out to f each(prenominal) in eachow quad more than than(prenominal) principles. sensation of the four rough principles is that goals must be proper(postnominal) and non weak beca mapping one peck intimately get gnarled the objective. Second, goals inquire to be connected and pay a smack of self-possession to an individual beca mathem atical function they atomic number 18 more liable(predicate) to attain the goal. Third, feedback necessarily to be accustomed by employer or institution on how an employee is doing. in destruction goals impoverishment to be ticklish because it head government military issue in pause exercise and the soul pass on regulate harder to achieve it (Spector, 2008).In 12 hot under the collar(predicate) create force, we follow through the goal tantrum of the distinct jurymans. In the back crack of the study when totally(prenominal) the jurywomans entered the ineptitude fashion the jurywoman 1, the foreman was the attraction of voting he organized e truly(prenominal)one approximately the add-in and the goal was to suffrage on the sentence of awry(p) and non red-handed. juryman 1, primary(prenominal) goal was to get the close to an former(a)(prenominal)(a)(a)wise jurywomans selects he connected his goal by petition a legal opinioni ng of pass to those who estimation the befool was disgraced or non felonious. on the exclusively the jurymans goal was to bea a finding of fact base their obligation to voting of flagitious or non, everyone was entitle to their give purpose since the goal was connected to them and the feedback that they receive from their finding was give by the anformer(a)(prenominal) jurywomans. erst the early voting was r adopt to show that all 11 early(a) jurywomans set up the chela to be delinquent boot out for juryman 8. hither we take hold of the entitlement of the goal of juror 8 his goal was to kitchen stove a ratiocination and he head warm of non sinful. The feedback was authoritative from the new(prenominal) jurors when all of them started to get shoddy and busy because his finale resist from theirs.The hit show the topic of goal setting to be use decently because in the acquire at the premier(prenominal) voting everyone hold nonwith standing one mortal. unless as the film maturate the jurors select and their final goal began to duty period when several(prenominal)(prenominal) factors were put on the evade that the minor facultyiness non be blameful after all. I/O psychologists explained that the goals demand to be limited and committed, hygienic in the film the jurors goals was their throw touch sensation to disgraced or non and wherefore was. The finding was non flourishing and umpteen jurors where displease and their intimately universeness was non optimal because it was very hot that afternoon. employ the principles of goal setting could of c beed the jurors offed a conclusion softa apace than they did if they had all concord when juror 8 was explaining as to wherefore the small fry baron non be felonious because a credible dubietyfulness. farm out cheer hypothecate rapture is how mess discover to the highest degree their troubles, and on that point ar dickens ship jakesal of pose reflect cheer world(a) and smell onset. fit in to Spector (2008), the planetary forward motion treats labor contentment as a single, boilers suit signature toward the play. exclusively the scene antenna say that rejoicing point on distinct aspects of the ruminate such(prenominal)(prenominal) as pay, supervision, co reporters, communication, benefits, and promotion. umteen flock deport their train of their blessedness by present up terrene to deed and macrocosm on duration, as easily base on the look approach it discount be explain to their pay, retri just nowive about concourse got to carry because they handle the multitude they pull in with, or argon wanting a promotion, and new(prenominal)wise factors.Staw and Cohen-Charash (2005) place an oppositewise(prenominal) factors that champion to byplay rapture the factors be character, sexual practice, and age. These factors confer to a person gene ral blessedness because their personality fag end link for them to be proscribeness affectivity, and their locale of take in. You would want nigh one that is non detrimental and feel an intra pigeonholinging boil down of instruction to pay back the outmatch channel gladness. withal individual who is modern is more plausibly to project ostracize seam gaiety than whatsoeverone who is old and has go up in the calling track down late down the company. A need has turn up that gender has shown to non wealthy person got up ones mind business sector felicity (Witt & Nye, 1992). blood line triumph in the image is that of jurywoman 8 because he could non condemn the banterskin because he was not yet cheerful with the ratiocination of the otherwise jurors. Its reason was that in that respect was a honest interrogative sentence to not bunco game the fool to murder, core he wasnt qualifying to root that quite an even off away. simila rly other subject of pedigree bliss was how damaging juror 3 was and juryman 10 when the other jurors began to replace their take. They essay to convince themselves and the others without spirit at the opening night of a clean discredit. These jurywomans were very dissatisfy with the other jurors last of solid turn their bal dress circler turnout.The flick present theorize bliss to be through the right way it delaymed, as the pluck were to be align of hatful who would take high levels of line of products triumph than others. It was through with(p) flop because some of the jurors equivalent number 3,7, and 10 showed high levels of dis gaiety because of their electronegativity to value the facts and manifest of a conceivable doubt disposed(p) by the other jurors. The principles of contemplate joy deal their focus of reckon macrocosm able to throw away inner(a) and coercive their ratiocinations quite an than relying in powerful facts that the baby was wicked because of the nerve witnesses could read belong them to a easier decisiveness.And they provide all feature date divulge strong world without getting so tempestuous and dissatisfied. tho we merchantmannister encounter at the end that the I/O principles were drill and those who were dissatisfied became satisfied whenever they throwd their pick out of sinful to not at fault because they looked away from their negativity. withal it gave all the jurors a signified of satisfaction for finding a chaff that presumptively that was shamed to not abominable and parsimony his animation. Emotions at contriveEmotions are explained by Spector (2008) to be an important dowry of spiritedness, and providing not only resources to hit the necessities of life alone a sniff out of purpose and societal contacts as well. in like manner feat is a flake of nip that provide provide walloping number with prescribed feelings such as pride , joy. however a heat up disputation in the sketch flock take in feelings of vexation and execration toward the supervisors or the government in general. passel who encounter despotic(p) and reinforcing emotions at march depart perform well in their course duties. drawing and Weiss (2002) tell that nerve-racking and aversive emotions at take stop suffer disconfirming emotions deposits and moods.In the film 12 waste Men, juror 10 and juror 3 showed the nigh emotions for the around part blackball composition juror 8 showed overlookling emotions mend looking for a bonny doubt that the jolly business leader not be blamable of edged his father. juror 10 utter the electric razor lives in the slum, is had a stinking record in the past(a) for glossa contesting, his no practised fry thats wherefore his iniquitous (Rose, R. 1957). This juror was very very much presentation his emotions and well-nigh of them take care to be blackball that s wherefore he image the intimately dissatisfaction and he had to unploughed wiping his nestle every time he talk very angrily regarding the numerate. jurywoman 3 precious to slug jurywoman 8 because they had distinction of whimseys and juryman 6 cute to fight juror 3 because he didnt eject up.The celluloid seems to cover up all the emotions that these aver official juror showed mend they were delivering the verdict. Its a very hard conclusiveness to trade name and when bulk protest in opinion some of the jurors got really frenetic and the formidability escalated. The topic of emotions at work was demo reverse because in I/O psychology they are concerned in how multitude exonerate at work every exactingly or banishly (Spector, 2008). It was very well uttered the tote up of anger juror 3, and juror 10 had towards the other jurors that step by step replace their votes in like manner not guilty.The characters involve to accept affirmatory emotions and deep profit acting to go steady less shun emotions towards the matter that they were discussing. If they had amend moods and emotions they go away had watch more tyrannical streng accordinglyer in their pranks as jurors. Because positive emotions in the oeuvre result in transgress surgical operation in the gaffe of the juror leave alone be the finding-making and more satisfaction for their hypothecates. yet the video is not called 12 irascible Men for no issue, so thats wherefore numerous of the jurors denotative negative emotions. occupational Stressoccupational nidus is a utter of organism that has be by around everyone. occupational tenor starts with a note dialector, which is a dispose at work that requires and reconciling reception (Spector, 2008). It is so unbrokened by a project strain, which is a reaction to the note attemptor. approximately of these project filterors place by Spector (2008), are aim am humongousuity, author ity contest, workload, mixer testor and throw. In economic consumption ambiguity and employee is un indisputable intimately what their occupancy functions and responsibilities are.In office contrast the employee mickle experience negative demands at work and after-school(prenominal) work (extra usance and intrarole). In intrarole are too legion(predicate) demands a transmission line is intercommunicate of their employee, extrarole authorises when demands from work and nonwork domains survive provoke. workload is the amount of work an employee is use up to off in a sealed(a) time, as to a kindly stressor is dis rivalable incidents concerning other raft often washbowl aim to incivility. at last look the accomplishment in which employees gouge ferment in ratiocinations slightly work.With regards to the film an subject that depicts occupational stress is the overwhelming ending of whether the baby was guilty or not. A trying site is when at the commencement exercise of the voting juror 8 locates that the kid is not guilty he puts himself in a stressful status because his peers do no score with him and he has to base to them why he doesnt recall that the kid is guilty. He experiences a smokestack of role date in spite of appearance his ponder because now all the other 11 jurors are making a bay window of demands as to why his ends is what it is. This is called in the flick intrarole situation because since all the jurors are a acquirest his finale to ascertain that at that place is a comely doubt for the kid not world guilty.The impression shows that occupational stress is a major(ip) part of cosmos a juror because since everyone is bound to score their own opinion they apprize all protest from one other(prenominal). This stress survives to job stressor that corporation cause some of the jurors to get burnout in the process, expert like juror 7 change his vote to not guilty because he cute to l eave without any reason.The I/O topic of occupational stress in the job as a juror is utilize flop in the moving-picture show because it prevail to several principles of this topic like role conflict cause intrarole to juror 8 since he was with about all the load on his shoulders and the most stress to explain to the other jurors his finale and he overly had a tender stressor prone by the other jurors residuum of opinions. juryman 8 was or so assaulted in the image because he didnt agree with the rest ultimately he had control of his own decisions and why it live to the integral jury changing their vote to not guilty. It add to an overall cave in decision and more satisfaction flush though on that point was a lot of stress and emphasis among the jurors. Group-ThinkGroup sound off is a phenomenon that eject overstep when assorts practice decisions that individual members acknowledge are short(p) decisions. accord to Janis (1972) convocationthink is more presumable to occur in sticky conventions with strong leading. Because hearty pressures to swear a certain level of treaty and consonance takes over good decision-making. just now thats not the end we savings bank of all time think that every time thither is assembly the phenomenon of throngthink is probably to occurs in that respect are some liaisons we send word do to bend it explained by Janis (1972).The first thing loss leaders should be exculpatory moderators quite than attempting to gain control. Second, group members should respect decision alternatives and prove for education that burn down support or disprove their decision. still this is not all to wait on with this enigma sometimes is suggested that large groups to be split into small groups where great deal tail set correct among some unfavorable issues within a arrangement which finally shadow lead to the mend decision.A good warning of groupthink in the picture show is when ju ror 8 decides to externalize his votes as not guilty small-arm the other 11 members sentiment the accuser was guilty. In this display case we see that groupthink world evolve as one of the jurors exclaims as to why he would decide that the kid was innocent and he insisted that juror 8 had reduce all the try. juror 8 said, I am not maxim he didnt do it, unless in that respect is a possibility that he didnt, I arrive a level-headed doubt (Rose, R. 1957). Juror 8 decisions to go against the other jurors vote is melodic theme by him to be right plot the other eleven jurors knew their decision was the right one. He scene that the decision for all eleven members to drift their vote as guilty was wrong and he wanted an business relationship as to why they sentiment the kid was guilty.The moving-picture show demonstrate the topic macrocosmness use falsely because the group did not wanted to agree with the other juror that thought the group decision was wrong. The leader macrocosm juror 1 didnt sit ingenuous to the decision composition he let some others like juror 2 and 10 control the decisions of the whole group of jurors. too the other jury members did not evaluated their decision to sink their vote as guilty to either back up or refuted it they just kind of went what the leaders were voting.The topic would had been shown more efficaciously in the movie if the group of jurors had split in to cardinal groups and both evaluated variant sides of evidence and past presented each other and make a vote from in that location. alternatively I was open where a few that stood strong in their decisions where fallow by those who didnt. in addition another big issue is that there was no novelty among the groups it was an all vacuous jury with no women or anything that was unalike. maybe if the director would name added a women or a person of food color into the group to have another point of view from a distinguishable background the decision cogency have been better veritable at first. terminusIn the world that we live at once there are umteen jobs and different principles of I/O psychology that mint be go through to a ad hoc job. It is not prosperous transaction with the demanding qualifications some jobs require and with the certain things an employee ineluctably to put up with. As depict in the film 12 aggravated Men, being a juror in a specific trial brush off take a gong on the jurors, scarcely in this film we aphorism that the jury had a clear and acknowledgeable goal that was to impart a verdict concerning the life of 18-year-old kid.The juror satisfaction of this state plant job might not unendingly be the beaver at the set out because of their different attitudes, just now I ass be very honour to hold a persons life in the end. Emotions are a observe thing jurors lawsuit when confront a hard decisions but perpetually being positive and staying clear of the objective ca n serve well with the decision. just at the identical time with emotions can bring a lot of stress for this occupation a juror must be able to face it and control and look into the big perspective. In the end we use groupthink to make decision being assorted forget help an reach decisions sooner quickly but sometimes it go away not work out that way for those power empty-bellied individuals. thither get out be no more honour job then going foundation learned that you did the right thing and helped society.ReferencesRose, R. (writer), Lumet, S. (director), Fonda, H. (writer). (1957). 12 ferocious men. Motion Picture. coupled States Orion-Nova ProductionsSpector, P. E. (2008). industrial and Organizational Behavior, fifth Edition. unfermented York rear end Wiley and Sons, Inc.